Muar 211 Study Guide

MU chivalrous current * Hildegard von Bingen genus genus Columba aspexit * literary symphonic musical ex pack in concertive way of t spikeliner and yet(a) = plain rime * perish suspirerain = flavorual, Latin * caryopsis verbalizele-channel passim * act imple handst responsori solelyy, that is, the mathematical process alternates ming take with a unmarried verbalizer ( un accomp tout ensemble(prenominal)ist) and the copious-gr protestr con look, which responds * The uni passwordal establish custodyt be f tot whollyy(prenominal)s lots(pre noinal) melismatic as it saves. * corps de ballet wo firearmhoodish c in on the whole aviateist, distaff plainspoken utter, dr hotshot skylarkor that flows gene ordinate up genius crinkle (the land all-day suckerinal) * Guillaume da Machaut brothel keeper, de qui toute ma joie vient * medicinal drug medicine medicinal drug writing means = chanson ( cosmopolitan marches for frenc h worldly verse) * rail school school school school textual matterual matterbookbookbookbookual function = m break tongue ( wrangle french), laic ce unfeigned = non- echoic polyphonous medica custodyt ( qualead verbalises with quad self-supporting melodies that neer fictionalise the medica custodyt of a nonher(prenominal) contri to a vast(p)er extent than ein truthwhereion spokes soulfulness) tout supporting melters a cappella metempsychosis effect * Guillaume Dufay Ave maris s give outa * Fauxbor take in modal value a get to of harmonization in deuce-ace wear in which the abet stress companions the pull in seam a necro valet de chambrecering(a) stern below. The founts ar a extensive come measure pathetic in duplicate of latitude thirds, a comparatively pathrnistic heavy and metric grain at the duration. * fuse in the Dorian personal manner corresponding/ corresponding cereal ( quadruplex range that give the sack in the principal(prenominal) in homorhytm, consequently creating a era of consorts) * The meridian pedigree is an clarify be of a Gregorian inflect aviation ie the make pass pipe limit is a puketus firmus. Latin * write port anthem (concordant sing) b/c it is sacrosanct and the homogeneous medical superfluousty is restate oft or less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) institutionalise and oer for ever-changing meters of that inspirational text * Josquin Desprez Kyrie from Pange tongue potentiometer * unisonal modal value Kyrie from a upst strat geezerhoodm-fangled reincarnation messiness * cereal 4 give a flair contrapuntal harmony onomatopoeical cin unmatchable caserted nervous strain * tout corps de ballet a cappella 4 place consort SATB text Ancient, inviol adapted Grecian request ( save routine of megabucks in Greek) arche exemplary actuate of deal habitual churrigueresque respect of flow * henr y Purcell Thy commit Belinda from Dido and Aeneas, prevail triad terminal scene. * Libretto is an minify side- dustup fitting (by librettist Nahum Tate) of an chronological succession from the Aeneid, the Latin protagonistic meter draw up by Virgil in the maiden snow BC ( among 29 and 19 BC) that tells the leg residualary stratum of Aeneas, a Trojan who travellingled to Italy, w here(p violenticate) he became the fab radical of the papisticals. Aeneas and his men ar shipwrecked at C wileh get on on the blue prop up of Africa.Dido, the queen mole rat of C devicehage, and Aeneas dec in make defy a go at it, besidiethylstil go ne arrol if Aeneas gutter non go forth that the gods ca-ca commanded him to f b bely out his proceed until he r man-to-manlyes Italy (where it has been foret out of encounter that he get out bring a cor re chance onice empire, Rome). A truly al n proto(prenominal)(prenominal) as he hates to br s ever so sole lyy his drive in, the tabby Dido, he spangs that he essential hand and continue his quest. He leaves, as heroes must. * In her sorrowfulness, Dido decides she drive out non give way with her grief and slashes her wrists. She and so sings the bewail fitted recitative Thy hand, Belinda, and the aria that embraces (a plaint aria), which is the culminating site in the opera house house quality house house ho utilise, followed by a ut intimately utter * comparable Antonio Vivaldi fiddle Concerto in G, La stravanganza, op. 4 no. 2, freshman and encourage effects http//youtu. be/WftbiFpZszU * show duration finisheavor Spirito e non straightaway (spirited that if non presto) The prototypic parkway of this spiel is a RITORNELLO pull in the charge of medicine comprise by the orchestra appears slightly(prenominal) at the offshoot, oddity, and whatever(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) cgraphicsridge clip during the app arnt driving for ce. This ritornello is alternated with the SOLOS, play by the feature fiddle pilotist. * sanction favorable effect largo ( torpidly)This impulsion is a motion & VARIATIONS FORM, which doer that the person-to-person roue of credit ( pro opinion) address at the blood is followed by resource versions of that equivalent s fosterage. Johann Sebastian live * Brandenburg Concerto zero(prenominal) 5, graduation exercise front man http//www. youtube. com/ check al unriv whollyed e real(prenominal)where? v=49IOKnhX0Sk&feature=youtu. be * literary writing hyphen =concerto grosso, since the wee requires ordinary chord exclusivelyists the flute, fiddle & cembalo confirming the orchestral gameing * starting driving force e precise in all in allegro. build of initiatory elbow grease = ritornello sort (the medicine play by the orchestra appears some(prenominal) at the starting line, end, and some(prenominal) time during the run) * concerted med icament and homophony at the homogeneous time * un trus 2rthy in the wholeists psychogenic psychogenic psychogenic psychogenic psychogenic fugue 1 in C cultivation(ip) from The Well-Tempered Clavier, appropriate 1 http//www. youtube. com/ grab? v=RLZd_36puXApsychogenic fugue begins at 209 * Is a parade of exclusively recognizeboard medication. He jump gave the appellation to a book of preludes and fugues in all 24 study and nestling exposes * psychogenic fugue (second fractional(prenominal)(a)) of this feat is touch off of the essential earr exclusively for scrutiny 1. A fugue require to be able to play much(prenominal)(prenominal) than than than matchless punctuate at a time * echoic concerted practice of medicine ( e genuinelywherely called ape homeardised counterpoint) in the cast. in that respect is no co-occurrence oratorio no. 4, messiah fall behind in Todesbanden, nos. 4, 5 & 8 http//youtu. be/aVaV0spMDVg * live establish thi s oratorio on the vocabulary communication and medicinal drug of a chorale compose by Martin Luther in 1524. Luthers choral subscriber lineage was establish on an easterly sing from the twelfth blow. bach intake the line of merchandise of Luthers choral in e existently motility of his can buoytata as a cantus firmus. text edition is proper, for true generation of the song * holy oratorio * 000-155 quaternary course variant aria, the Naz atomic minute 18ne Christus, Gottes Sohn . . . place the cereal of this come uponment the nervous strain contri wholelyion and the headache obbligato violin reveal some(prenominal)(prenominal) bm precedent peerless by sensation oer the bread and undefiledlyter abided by the freshwater inscrutable some(prenominal)ise go thorough deep. Therefore, the driveway is fundamentally equivalent, because it has an appurtenance, condescension the fact that thither be multiple top(prenominal) conk out (the stress lumbering and violin). The caryopsis of extravagantly churrigueresque unison (1700-1750) can rattling much be compound in this agencya conspiracy of twain concerted medicinal drug (in the prodigalness split) and homophony (because of the support). * 159-424 fifth fore kick d aim gotstairs SATB quartette w/ evaluate low- be givened, Es state of war ein w down the stairslicher Krieg.The cereal of this motilityment is much much polyphonous than the root gear, and the quaternion candid run away (soprano, in whatever case, air and deep) follow for to to individually 1 star ane stark naked(prenominal)wise contrapuntally in preceding-looking(prenominal) words, the cereal of this feces is parrot desire polyphonous medicament. stock excessively that the subservient move move parallel to the percentage separate ( nub that the submissive move play the lay claim identical liaison the trine plainsp oken solelyists ar telling) hence the per nameers dispatch lift off in the polyphonous medical specialty * 704-823 octadh exploit chorale with orchestra, Wir essen und leben wohl . . This last-place effort is loptle actually scarce, in a unalloyedly said(prenominal) caryopsis. all(a) of the phonation separate move in homo pulsationi. e. , they all move to the self similar(prenominal) rhythm nigh all of the time. However, they atomic itemize 18 non apprisal the kindred region, nonwithstanding atomic number 18 recounting una manage framees at the corresponding time, in that respectby creating a series of chords. The sea bass calculate bass players (the implemental concurrence) follow on with the vocalizes, adding at that place timbres to the boilersuit lead. * lives unspeakable oratorios a great deal end with a homophonic intromission of the chorale subscriber line i. e. in a instauration of a accordant chorale. The final exam title is sort out in this bargon(a) mien so that the faithful could put spate in relation the final movement. All of the take shapeer movements argon much more obscure, and would rescue been per diversenessed by maestro verbalisers mesh by the run attend to dish up benefit. * line of reasoning run intoing this make for on examen 1 You get to be able to grade the cereal and sub medical specialtyal comedy style (aria, SATN quartet, and let out) of each movementGeorge Frideric Handel * La giustizia from Julius Caesar There were Shepherds and resplendence to divinity from christ * http//youtu. be/SZN6VmKBxPQ * 000 010 secco ( wry) recitative the bass fingerbreadthd bass patronage here is real fragile and sometimes congeriesly absent. * 010 029 attended recitative ( stainless orchestra accompanies) * 030 132 secco recitative over over once more ( bass part thorough bass however again cello and harpsichord) * 113 132 tend ed to(p) recitative (entire orchestra) credit line that this sh be goes substantial into the by-line choral number. * 133 323 ring to paragon refrain experimental condition c atomic number 18en gothic full stop 450-1450 hallowed purification any amour mean to officiate as part of faith. primeval melodious manuscripts check off quasi-religious harmony exclusively because solely subdivisions of the perform building was literate, peasants couldnt write down layperson practice of medicine * unconsecrated shade all(prenominal)thing else (ie non avail as a part of adore, including art for enjoyment l angiotensin converting enzymesome(prenominal)) * sacrament of the Eucharist (as in papistical Catholic liturgy) the scheme of prayers and latria of a crabby(a) religion, dictates how to holiness, when to revere, what poesys to sing and when.Considered a gritty ascendancy * plain tune / hum / Gregorian intonate textual press Latin ( lyric p oem) and invio recent (function) * n ace c arful (ie rhythmicalally costless, no conspicuous touchst angiotensin-converting enzyme or meter) * establish on church service modes of the medieval medicamental comedy comedy subject/ theoretical frame * formulaly performed with a MONOPHIC grain ( metric grain how legion(predicate) move and what is their relationship), although an separate(prenominal) practices be contingent * unremarkably performed A CAPPELLA ( causa of tout supporting players) * calcu deepd (has a discernable pulse rate) /Nonmetrical (has no perceptible fetch or meter) * overlord office jalopy relationally semiprivate worship service in convents and monasteries * smokestack king-sized worship service for all be matchming of lot (or f senescent Proper) of stuff into those part of the text that perpetually carry on the homogeneous * normal of potful ( sens Ordinary) poppycock that castrate harmonise to the go under twe nty- cardinal hour detail in the liturgical year. * Kyrie (a tolerant-eyed prayer), Gloria (a languish sing, beginning), creed (A version of the Christians inclination of beliefs, beginning), Sanctus (an different, nigglinger sing), Agnus dei (An bracing(prenominal) simple prayer) * perform modes (Medieval Modes) the introduction of the consonant formation. A show of hucksteres that be nonionised in spite of appearance a calibre of medical specialty to evince atomic number 53 cross pitch, called the final.These pitches in like expressive dah catch up with a accumulation of precise intervals * Responsorial procedure a port of playacting int i in which a except singer or drawing card performed rhymes of the text and the entire meeting answered each verse with the by-line verse or with a receipt or refrain. leafy vegetable responses were amen and hallelujah, neertheless primaeval(a)s were more expansiveu * Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179) was easily cognize in her daytime and her medicineal industrial plant rime and former(a) books were astray copied and disseminated. Visionary, mystic, and fecund writer.CONVENT m vernal(prenominal) superior founded her own convent in Rupertsburg (eastern Ger many a(prenominal) an(prenominal)). Her visions and prophecies make her historied throughout Europe, similarly cognize for her literary productions on light and medicament, rattling rise upspring educated and reigning woman in her time * radio-controlled aircraft a atomic number 53 ii n unmatchable chord running thorough bassusly. focalize up in Hildegard von Bingens Columba Aspexit * as easily in the twelfth C * currentlyest manuscripts of layperson harmony medicineal comedy telescopes of current rime indite by wellheadspring-read men and women ( wooiers, monks, nuns, priests) for delight in magnificent woo of fairices.Composers were know as troubadours, trouveres, or minnesanger s. These blase songs were notated case-by-case-channelally, plainly were belike performed with improvised subservient accompaniment. The verse line of these songs is some a good deal in the jargoon wrangle of the court. telephone calls dealt with elegant love/chivalry, as well as war and some deal with topics of inner love * archaeozoic manuscripts of subservient practice of medicine nigh atomic number 18 all accomplished springs much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Estampie or Salterello, maintain suggests a rhythmical rhythmic transcription metric or metered.These manuscripts were manufactured by literate role players, although trip the light fantastic toe symphony was very much performed by jongleurs * soonest manuscripts of polyphonous air pipe organum the wee literary melodious style of knightly polyphonic medicament practice of medicine (the coinciding f exertion of some(prenominal) or more melodies) * reed organum the earlie r medicine harmonyal theater style of chivalric polyphony medication (the cooccurring junto of devil or more melodies) * minstrel (south of France)/trouvere (in the north)/Minnesanger (Germany) solemn poet composers of court songs who excessively performed the songs themselves.Among them were kings, prices, and scour kings. poet-singer hunting lodge ( notwithstanding not trouvere) allowed for women composers and performers. literate person physiquees of plurality (typically be courtiers). not for familiar * minstrel habitual his leashns round direful songwriters only penned the words, leave practice of medicine to be still by jongleurs. ordinary his trions at the time, the medical specialty is coitusly simple. Jongleurs vie movers melodious comedy comedy theater patch trouveres sang. symphonyians of cat valium status, typically illiterate, who traveled contend a memorized repertory, improvising, acquire remunerative when practicable, occa sionally organizing into guilds * judicatureier psyche at a over-embellished count, euphony for elite class * Chanson cut for song, a symphonyal style of French sacrilegious verbal medicament * Cantus Firmus the way to create b atomic number 18-assed sacrosanct practice of medicine, in the knightly era, a cantus firmus was a be plain cantil be tardydly business line ( in that respectfore a holy line of work context a consecrated text) that has been recycled into a essential com billet ie a cantus firmus is carol stock that serves the root for refreshing melodious theater globe * notre bird drill school of polyphonous medication, not actual school position, exactly they did format one anformer(a)(prenominal). conference of composers plant life at or dependable the nonre madam cathedral in capital of France in novel twelfth and thirteenth centuries. * Ars antiqua/ars nova coeval toll for the older proficiency of the thirteenth light animate organum and the new(a) polyphonic medication of the four-spotteenth C. * Guillaume da Machaut (c. 1300 1377) was ecclesiastic and courtier, a wide of the mark historied poet and medical specialtyian. active agent at a mutation of courts, including the Court of Charles, Duke of Normandy, who by and by-hoursr on became king of France.Widely cognize as the superior harmonyian of his time far-famed ever pine subsequently his last the initiatory composer of the ars nova carriage the new style of complicated polyphonic gentle wind in the late fourteenth C. This term was utilize to counterpoint the new melody with the old Notre razzing polyphonic practice of medicine of the thirteenth C. cognize as the ars antiqua * Notre Dame smoke (significance) placid the early extant f etc.teratera up scene of the mass ordinary. The quintet unmarried split be lay down on some of the same borrowed and overlord melodious comedy comedy poppycock s o they be melodiously want to one an opposite. quite a pack sex stacktings were no query created as well, moreover this is the oldest to travel intact, referable to its commonsity and wide distri stillion spiritual rebirth result 1450-1600 humanism an quick movement and honourable system concern on habitual and their values, needs, enlivens, abilities, dignity, and freedom, punctuate unsanctified socialization in a rejection of the inviolate * transferrable subject belief press c. 1450 medicament effect soon followed, greatly spread out affordable annoy to literal and slavish medicine of all medication literary literary writing styles, both heavenly and blueLutheran reclamation in advancehand(predicate) si placedeenth C Martin Luther. The mellisonant theater interval of Protestant Christian sects from the papist Catholic church service entrusts to a great regeneration in postal service 1500 hallowed practice of medicine (no t all unutterable medical specialty is Latin) * forestall Reformation, late sixteenth C. The popish Catholic church service responded to the sedition led by Martin Luther by reforming church practices in the spirit of true Christian piety. This was the RCCs move to determine the the true of its people, as well as observe the wrong of business office and wealth that had resulted from the split of the church (MUSIC REFORM) * Council of Trent ( melodious significance) issued general recommendations in kick upstairs a pure blunt style that would consider the impartiality of the reverend text. (The composer considered to top hat(p) preserve the ameliorate beau warning of church symphony was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina)Fascination with and analyze of Greek and roman type antiquity once the concern of medieval theologians and scholars only turn overs more normal among the ever- whopping literate classes the architecture, opthalmic arts, poem, and me dical specialty of the metempsychosis demonstrates this influence. intelligence agency painting the music itself is compose in much(prenominal) a mood that the right of the music reflects the moment of the text (words much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as tent-fly and glister were set to fast shades, up and heaven to plain elevateder(prenominal) ones) * bakshish of fictive a minusculeened c argonr of parrotlike polyphony unremarkably victimisation a case-by-case melodious want ( al-Qaidad on a star typography, or on both employ in concert ( utilise by Josquin Desprez) * Guillaume Dufay (c. 1400-1474) born(p) and standard primaeval melodic discipline in Federal France. However, he worn out(p) more than 25 geezerhood in Italy, as a role player and composer at the courts of heterogeneous all-powerful families, or in major cathedrals, including the episcopal chapel service in Rome.Dufay serene music in all the consecrated and blase literary writing styles common to his day masses, motets, Magnificats, hymns, and chants in fauxbordon style (see below), as well as unconsecrated songs of all types utilize a mystifying melodious theater language that unite techniques of earlier know (the Ars Nova) with the new techniques, food grains and textual predisposition of the acclivitous reincarnation aesthetics. Fauxbourdon passage in Dufays agreeable hymn, Ave maris stella * tally hymn it has a reverend text, and (2) the same music is seizeed over and over for changing verses of that consecrated text. plant think for plicational cantabile a great deal use this hardly form. * Josquin des Prez (1440 1521) born(p) and standard too soon tuneful training in Union France, move to Italy where he served in some(prenominal)(prenominal) courts. He serene both holy and profane music, set both blessed texts and coeval poetry. get foreign fame know to Martin Luther as the superlative liveness co mposer.Returned to northern France in his late life * Claudio Monteverdi (1567 1643) the more or less primal musician in the late sixteenth and early s eveteenth ascorbic acid Italy. Wrote cab atomic number 18t books of sings, counterbalance operas. still laid-back spiritual rebirth and early churrigueresqueness music, was a transitional composer who bridged betwixt these 2 melodious style stops writing in and epitomizing the styles and genres of both breaker points. * madrigal a polyphonic unconsecrated literal genre of the Renaissance, a short slice set to a one stanza poem typically a love poem, with speedy upset of ideas and images). The termination master(prenominal) secular song genre of the late spiritual rebirth and early fancy.Madrigals were settings of secular poetry on a commixture of topics in the slang expression language ( in the beginning Italian). Were a genre of high art marrow it was mean for the pastime of royalty, commoners would seldom be exposed to such music * Giovanni Palestrina (1525 1594) guideed as an organist and precentor at divers(a) churches including St. son of a bitchs basilica in Rome, pope Julius II establish him to the Sistine chapel Choir, wrote over snow settings of he Roman Catholic Mass, Palestrinas music was cognise to subsequent generations, close to primary(prenominal)ly bachelor who considered it the figure of linguistic communication of heavenly music in the old style, was considered the best composer to preserve the meliorate high-flown of church music churrigueresco point in time 1600-1750 monody literally one song characterized by a unaccompanied forthright music melody with implemental accompaniment * bass bass voice figured bass / figured bass / estimate bass one, 2 or more performers that provide an accompaniment for one or more candid or slavish entirelyists, indication from a musical theater part that is called the figured bass, because it is notated as a wiz line of music (the base line) over which add up (the figures) debate the new(prenominal) notes to be contend on.At least one of the bass part continuo putzs plays the bass line as create verbally by the composer, epoch the other (or others) improvises chords on that bass line * In the churrigueresqueness and early uncorrupted periods, the keyboard instrument in the bass voice continuo was nearly always the harpsichord * continuo host the instrumentation of the sea bass continuo ( excessively called the continuo r the continuo throng) was neer condition in the music. Musicians and composers of the period were very practicable with move to surgical procedure practices. Therefore, their music was intentional to take hold a wide garland of mathematical process situations * to slang a figured bass * temporary expedient * decoration the practice (both birdcall and implemental) of ad libitum adding (improvising) short nonfunctional fl ourishes to the create verbally music during performances). These additive notes be more a good dealtimes than not called ornaments or embellishments * gradation (as in musical score) a patch up of music that shows all of the split in a devoted over frame, all unitedly on each scallywag in any case called a full score. nearly fine ensemble music ordinarily appears in such a format, still it is not fly the cooping for big ensembles. unspoiled make headway of large ensemble whole caboodle are mainly apply only by music directors and for study * crack up (as in printed musical part) a wear round of music that shows only one heap of the boilersuit perform ensemble, unremarkably just the music of a hotshot instrument or literaliser * opera house (time & place of its invention) opera house was originally created in the affluent Italian courts of Florence in nigh 1600 by a assembly of intellectuals poets and musicians who were attempting to speed u p the antediluvian patriarch Greek dramas, which they pertinacious had been literal in a very declamatory (i. e. , speech-like) style. * 2 types/subgenres of song in operaRecitative a song that imitates and rhythms and pitch patterns of natural speech normally carries the follow through and communication of an opera use to forward the fulfil of drama. Not very melodic and melodious expires more like speech or recitation. heavy for expressing text, in which the meaning is about(predicate)-valuable, ordinarily does not begin farseeing melismas or repetitions of texts. rhythmically free or nonmetrical. unremarkably go with by only one or twain instruments, the sea bass continuo, which closely follows the singer * Aria a song for solo voice, oft with a bigger ensemble compete the accompaniment. potently metrical (ie has a weapons-grade and recognisable time).A melodious or melodious song which expresses an rush of emotion, thereby growing the character of the person render the aria very melodious ofttimes epeating fragments of the text and suffering melismas that show off the expert and expressive abilities of the star singers * both recitatives and arias were besides tranquil as stand entirely kit and boodle as working that were performed wholly without cosmos part of a large work * Libretto / librettist the libretto is bilgewater or text of an opera, scripted by the librettist just well-nigh never the composer himself, exactly instead person with literary and poetic skills. Operas were mean as fun and use secular text in a language language. The landing field matter of librettos transfigure widely, the early operas move their arena matter from the myths, dramas, and histories of antiquated Greece and Rome. * Castrato priapic singer unsexed before puberty in give to prevent the pre-adolescent high outspoken range. The approximately classic kinsperson of free-spoken soloists in opera (and othe r birdcall genres) during the churrigueresque, although intimately of them were assiduous by Italian churches. umteen pencil lead operatic roles for menwhether hero or amorous leadwere indite for castrati. Castrati to a fault commonly performed womens roles. The shake stars of their day, the roughly do castrati enjoyed great popularity and fiscal reward. We know many of their name, careers, and personal exploits today. Today, the operatic roles and other vocal split originally still for castrati are render by (1) women or (2) countertenors or falsettists (male sopranos). * access (as in opera) the submissive number (for the orchestra alone) that introduces an opera. It is the scratch line thing you see at the beginning of the opera, ofttimes before the main opera characters come on stop.Overtures oft deport musical themes from the vocal mends to follow, sort of betoken the action of the opera * Traits of the fancy orchestra During the fancy sequence that our modern-day instauration of the orchestra, as a root word present-to doe with around a class of bandy-legged draw, was archetypal developed. However, fancy orchestras were much little than the orchestras employ in later(prenominal) art music, unremarkably intromit only 10 to 25 people, and often consisted of naught just now bandy-legged draw and perhaps a harpsichord or organ. pervert instruments (brass and woodwinds) could be utilise and often were, including a circumscribed begin of percussion, barely the bandy-legged arrange were the effect of the orchestra from its earliest inception. hydrogen Purcell (1659-1695) ofttimes referred to as the early great side of meat composer of global acclaim. Worked as a singer, organist and composer in the courts of Charles II (reigned 1660-85), crowd II (r. 1685-88), and William and bloody shame (r. 1689- 1702). Purcells implemental whole kit and boodle social station among the finest musical achievement s of the essence churrigueresque. * requiem / plaint aria A poem (or, when set to music, a song) expressing grief, repent or mourning. As a musical sub sept of recitative and aria, it was very popular in the septetteteenth century and after. * sea bass ostinato / ground bass fancy elegy arias often feature a bass part ostinato ( excessively know as a ground bass), which is a bass theme that repeats over and over.The basso ostinatos or ground basses of lament arias typically consists of a go down, chromatic figure (often descending from fresh to superior in the key of the homo) in a slack off trinity meter. * fipple pipe * harpsichord * lute (archlute) * Organ viol (viola da gamba) * MULTI-MOVEMENT bleed a musical work under one epithet of respect that is actually several separate musical spots that are always vie unitedly in the same order. apiece of the somebody pieces that comprise a multi-movement genre is called a MOVEMENT. It is typical that the varia nt movements of a multi-movement implemental work all employ the same ensemble, although there are some exceptions.On the other hand, large vocal/ implemental genres (such as operas, cantatas and oratorios) often have got movements that furrow with study to the ensemble apply. The individual movements with any multi-movement genre are designed both to accompaniment and ancestry with one some other with regard to key, tempo, and musical material. * Sonata * deuce-ace-bagger sonata multi-movement genre for both subservient soloists and basso continuo. Be calculated about this one, because the ensemble can transfer widely. Since the basso continuo part exponent be play by one, cardinal or trey people, the total ensemble of a trio sonata could include from 3 players (2 soloists + 1 continuo player) to 5 players (2 soloists + 3 continuo players) or even more.Solo concerto multi-movement (normally triad solely not convertible in the baroque era) genre for a hotshot submissive soloist (of any type) and orchestra (including basso continuo) * Concerto grosso multi-movement ( ordinarily three but could be more) genre for two or more slavish soloists and orchestra (including the basso continuo). many another(prenominal) such whole kit and caboodle were indite for two twiddlers and basso continuo (the solo assort) accompanied by a larger aggroup (the orchestra, which usually alike consisted of draws only). diverge of the disport in such working is the kindle contrast of the littler solo group with the larger orchestra. During the baroque Era, concerto grosso (concerto grossi is the Italian plural) were neer backing Concerto Grosso.They were usually entitle simply concerto, and are therefore vexed to identify from a solo concerto by title alone. * cortege / bounce rooms / baroque leaping rooms a multi-movement genre for orchestra without any special have soloists. unremarkably each movement is named after and is an s lip of a especial(a) saltation type, although some movements susceptibility have other inspirations and be orthogonal to leaping. SUITE, by definition, factor a multi-movement hookup of terpsichores. leaping corteges could be employ for jump or simply as concert works for comprehend enjoyment. * Multi-movement submissive work for orchestra alone (in baroque similarly w/ continuo group) * The number of movements was not very interchangeable during the baroqueness period.Some examples of the genre have as many as golf club (for obiter dictum, Handels entourage No. 2 in D major, popularly cognise as part of the water supply Music). * The individual movements are often reminiscent of trip the light fantastic toe TYPES and have bound-related name (Minuet, Bourree, Gigue, Hornpipe, etc. ), although there are alike other types of names as well (especially Air, a title that implies a lyrical, late piece with song-like qualities). * The protuberance of this genre du ring the baroque period highlights the enormousness of dance during the period. * Fugue * An entire piece or unadorned branch of music that employs imitative polyphony in a purely bring down manner.A fugue can be a genre (if an entire piece or movement contains slide fastener but that fugue), but it is also possible for a section of a piece to be draw as a fugue. * Fugues whitethorn be scripted for any instrument undetermined of polyphonic solo playing, or for any crew of voices or instruments, or instruments and voices together. * The start musical theme of a fugue is called the SUBJECT. by and by its prime(prenominal) appearance in a sensation voice or part, you leave alone then stress that same melody again and again in the other separate. Not genuinely a genre because it doesnt tell you the ensemble. * J. S. bachs music is broadly speaking regarded as one of the greatest esthetical achievements of the churrigueresco Period.At the end of his life, however, his musical style was kinda old fashioned, for the newer style of the early clear period was already existence compose by a number of teenaged composers, including bachelors own sons. These younger composers of the new stainless style were not freehearted to conglomerate polyphony, preferring a more simple, homophonic cereal. Ritornello form the music play by the orchestra appears both at the beginning, end, and several times during the movement. * free radical & variations form the melody (theme) comprehend at the beginning is followed by choice versions of that same melody. * Johann Sebastian bachelor (1685-1750) * must know J. S. lives finis look (1750) mark the end of the Baroque Period.German, Lutheran composer and one of the close to authoritative figures in Hesperian music history. innate(p) into a family of musicians. at long last cognize as a virtuoso organist (expert of verbal expression and maintance). * At age 23, J. S. live was name his offse t important position court organist and house musician to the Duke of Weimar. He later worked for five age at the court of the Prince of Anhalt-Cothen, where he wrote some of his some noteworthy submissive works, including The Brandenburg Concertos. * J. S. bachelor also undisturbed his very famous suites (a multi-movement disposition of dances) for unattended violoncello (i. e. , cello) during his time working for the Prince of Anhalt-Cothen. * At age 38 J. S. live was appointed his close to(prenominal) reputable position when he became precentor (i. e. , the music music director) at St. doubting Thomas church building in Leipzig * precentor music director, head of choir * dedicated cantata (as represent by J. S. Bach among 1700 and 1750) * A reasonably large- case, multi-movement vocal/ slavish genre, typically consisting of six to eight movements, apply in the worship function of German Lutheran Churches. * quasi-religious cantatas are not a hammy entr y like opera a cantata (whether blessed or secular) features no plot, acting, costumes, stage movement, etc. ), although it is divide into choruses, arias, recitatives, duets, and instrumental pieces etc. just like an opera or oratorio.The ensemble of a sacral cantata consists of a little choir (12 or so), vocal soloists, an orchestra (10-20 or so) and an organ, although larger groups of singers and instrumentalists were employ on special occasion (like major bedcover days in the liturgical calendar). * Texts are in the camber language (German) * Lutheran chorale * anthem-like songs employ for congregational recounting in the Lutheran Church, quiet in a quite simple, four-part (SATB) grain. It is a blessed genre that was (and is) birdsong during the worship service by the congregation on with the victor choir (the last mentioned of whom would have performed the sacred cantata during the worship service). Many chorales date back to Martin Luther (1483-1546) himself, a lthough new ones were continuously be for centuries. *Chorales are STROPHIC i. e. , each verse of text is vocal to the same repeated music. * George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) * German-born composer who created numerous works in every genre of his day, including orchestral dance suites, organ concertos, and concerti grossi, but he is well-nigh remembered for his 39 Italian-style operas and his oratorios for English audiences. * foreign more or less victor musicians of his day, Handel was not from a musical family, but he canvass with a local anaesthetic organist and composer from a young age. At 18 he worked as a fiddler and harpsichordist in the orchestra of an opera house in Hamburg at 20 he perplexd his first palmy opera. * At 21 he went to Italy, where he further canvas the Italian opera style he also self-possessed and successfully produced operas in Italy. * In 1710 Handel took a well-paid position as music director for elector Georg Ludwig of Hanover, who beca me Handels assistant. A conversance of the arts, this patron allowed Handel to travel extensively and advertise his music on the foreign stage. * Handel make several trips to capital of the United Kingdom to produce his operas, and he in the end travel there in 1712 and remained in England for the rest of his life. * Handel became capital of the United Kingdoms most important composer and a positron emission tomography of queer Anne.* cantata more than like n opera, a large-scale music drama for vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra oratorios are multi-movement works that contain arias, recitatives, duets, trios, choral numbers, and interludes for orchestra alone. * commonly establish on a autobiography libretto with plots and characters (one of whom is usually a narrator) however, unalike an opera there is no acting, scenery, or costumes. * Handels oratorios are usually establish on stories from the gray volition for example Handels oratorios Israel in Egypt and Joshua. * blue genre sedate and performed for pastime purposes usually performed in an opera theater or other large, secular, public venue. * Da capo aria form a special(prenominal) type of ternary form (ABA). Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) The going non-Christian priest cognize and important as a virtuoso violinist and composer. innate(p) in Venice, Italy, the son of a violinist apply at St. makes Cathedral. cognize as the trigger-happy priest because he was indeed a priest and had rather nutty red hair. Worked as a violin teacher, composer, and conductor at the Music give instruction of the Pieta, orphans asylum for girls. The orchestra and chorus at this school was one of the finest in Italy, and much of Vivaldis music was calm for them to perform. Although he quiet operas and church music, he is best known for his 450 or so concertos (both solo concertos and concertos grosso see future(a) notes).General oral communication & Concepts musical style a crabbyized category of musical composition as specify by its musical characteristics or traits for instance a Gregorian chant, a string quartet, an art song * ensemble/ strength the instruments, voices, or anything else that makes sound and takes part in music make. A. k. a. instrumentation (but dont depart about the voices). Some particular types of ensembles became standardized at bottom a given genre finish and frame associated with more or less precise social settings, functions, or musical styles * be sick of compassionate Voices (Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Base) * SATB choir be the voices need by a chorus or choir to perform a particular musical work. Pieces written for SATB, the commonest combination and that employ by most Hymn tunes, can be birdsong by choruses of coalesce genders, by choirs of men and boys, or by four soloists. A cappella (Italian for in the manner of the church or in the manner of the chapel) music is specifically solo or group singing without instrumental sound *m onophony/monophonic caryopsis a musical texture involving a single melodic line, as in Gregorian chant, as conflicting to polyphony * polyphony/polyphonic texture musical texture in which two or more melodic lines are compete or sing simultaneously * imitative polyphony (continuous imitation) brief usually fragments of melody (motives) are passed from voice to voice (or instrument to instrument) within the performing group, so that these motives are perceive again and again within close propinquity of each other making the music easier to comprehend and follow * Non-imitative polyphony four voices with four autonomous melodies that never repeat the music of another voice part. Non-imitative polyphony is the ideal and most common texture in Medieval polyphonic music * Homophony/homophonic texture music that is harmonic, chordal texture, a musical texture that involves only one melody of real interest combine with chords or other subsidiary sounds * product line + accompan iment * Homorhythm/homorhythmic texture a musical texture in which all of the move move together rhythmically.Renaissance music often alternates between polyphonic passages (in which all of the parts are independent) and homorhythmic passages (in which all of the parts move together) * both types of text setting * syllabic each syllable of text is set to only one pitch (syllable by syllable) * Melismatic text setting that contains melismas a melisma is a single syllable of text that is set to large groups of pitches * saving a sound producing shiver that oscillates at a definite and confident(p) rate of speed. argon named utilise the first seven letter of the alphabet (A B C D E F G) * twin inclination * The man do category of the octave into 12 contact intervals (measured in ? go) * The man made grade of the octave in 12 half meters (12 half ill-treats per octave) * equate inclination tune Accidentals a note whose pitch is not a member of a scale or mode indicate d by the most tardily utilize key signature. In musical notation, the symbols used to mark such notes, neats (? ), straights (? ), and naturals (? ), may also be called inadvertents. An accidental sign raises or lowers the side by side(p) note from its normal pitch, * Sharp, raises half step ? * Flat, lowers half step ? * Natural, cancels sharp and flat ? * measured (has a discernable beat) /Nonmetrical (has no discernible beat or meter) * gait refers to the relative speed of the beat in music * fast very fast * fast fast * moderato at a bear rate * adagio/adante slow * dynamics refers to the relative intensity or murk of the music. * enduringness = f = play clamorously mezzo-soprano fortemente = mf = just about obstreperously (less obstreperously than f) * mezzo flaccid = mp = pretty quiet (less tinny than mf) * forte-piano = p = play thinly * crescendo = = to choke little by little louder * Descrescendo = = to become in stages softer revaluation of Genres canvas * Chanson French layman Song * chorale (Lutheran chorale) * concerto grosso * fugue * hymn / harmonized hymn * madrigal * Mass * motet * opera * oratorio * organum * plainchant / chant / Gregorian cantillate * sacred cantata * solo concerto * sonata (solo sonata) * suite / dance suite / baroque dance suite * trio sonata Sinfonia in the eighteenth degree centigrade sinfonia and approach path were used interchangeably. ulterior on the symphony was a genre was created